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1. C28-A3: Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline—Third Edition. Wayne, Pa.: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008.
2. Dixon WJ. Processing data for outliers. Biometrics. 1953;9:74–89.
3. Arkin C. Do we need the geometric mean as the mean normal value in INR determination? J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(suppl 1):abstract P1903.
4. H54-A: Procedures for Validation of INR and Local Calibration of PT/INR Systems; Approved Guideline. Wayne, Pa.: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2005.
5. Favaloro EJ, Hamdam S, McDonald J, McVicker W, Ule V. Time to think outside the box? Prothrombin time, international normalised ratio, international sensitivity index, mean normal prothrombin time and measurement of uncertainty: a novel approach to standardisation. Pathology. 2008;40:277–287.

Russell A. Higgins, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Chair, CAP Coagulation
Resource Committee

John D. Olson, MD, PhD
Professor of Pathology
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Member, CAP Continuous
Compliance Committee